download xmovies8 hd 1080p video download 720p video downloadQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction monitoring of bone marrow plasma cell load in multiple myeloma.
In multiple myeloma, the bone marrow plasma cell load (BMMCL) is an important prognostic factor, but its monitoring is difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to measure BMMCL in multiple myeloma. A quantitative real-time PCR based on the use of primers for the IgH chain VDJ genes D3 and J4 was developed. This method was compared to metaphase analysis and immunofluorescence. This technique was further used to monitor the reduction of BMMCL after treatment. This real-time PCR was linear and highly reproducible, with a good correlation to the metaphase analysis (r = 0.86). The limits of detection were 0.5-5% of abnormal monoclonal plasma cells. The BMMCLs ranged from 0.1 to 44% of the bone marrow aspirate. The values increased with disease stage and were also higher in patients with osteolytic lesions, in those with three or more lytic lesions, and in patients with renal failure. In the 32 multiple myeloma patients studied after a complete remission, the BMMCL increased by a median of +1% (range, -15 to +74) after a median of 57 months (range, 30-121) after diagnosis. The real-time PCR based on the D3 and J4 primers for the IgH chain VDJ genes is sensitive, reproducible, and can be used to monitor the reduction of BMMCL in multiple myeloma.Secondary structure studies on hemopexin.
Electron density maps of the copper-binding domain of human hemopexin were obtained from a 3.5 A resolution X-ray crystallographic data set. The results of the studies reveal a high degree of secondary structure organization. The maps indicate that the beta-sheet segment, proposed to function in binding copper, is well-defined and extended from residues 137 to 163. In addition, the electron density maps display a previously unrecognized alpha-helix in this region (residues 138 to 140) which is predicted to interact with the beta-sheet region. The map obtained for the region around the histidyl residue at position 160 indicates a high degree of flexibility for the
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